Labrus viridis, commonly known as the green wrasse, is a fish species belonging to the family Labridae. Its scientific name derives from Latin, where ‘viridis‘ means ‘green‘, directly referencing the dominant coloration of this fish. Labrus viridis is mainly distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea and some areas of the eastern Atlantic, including the coasts of Portugal and Morocco. This species prefers to inhabit rocky coastal zones at depths ranging from 5 to 50 meters, often associated with underwater meadows of algae and seagrass like Posidonia oceanica, where it finds shelter and food.
Labrus viridis is a medium-sized fish that can reach up to 45 cm in length, although most individuals usually measure between 20 and 30 cm. Its body is elongated and somewhat laterally compressed, with a predominant green coloration, sometimes showing bluish or brownish hues depending on the environment and the individual’s age. The green wrasse has large, visible scales that contribute to its shiny and iridescent appearance underwater. Its dorsal and anal fins are long, with spiny rays in the first part of the dorsal fin, while the caudal fin is slightly rounded. Labrus viridis exhibits sexual dimorphism: males tend to be larger and can display more intense and brighter colors during the breeding season. It differs from other species in the same genus, such as Labrus bergylta, by its smaller size and predominantly green coloration, in contrast to the more varied and darker tones of Labrus bergylta.
Regarding its diet, Labrus viridis is carnivorous and mainly feeds on small benthic invertebrates. Its diet includes crustaceans, molluscs, bristle worms, and small fish. Thanks to its agility and mouth shape adapted for capturing fast-moving prey, this fish actively hunts on rocky bottoms and among algae where it finds most of its food. It is an opportunistic predator that also takes advantage of the seasonal abundance of certain species to adjust to changes in food availability.
The reproduction of Labrus viridis occurs in spring and summer. It is an oviparous species, and like many other wrasses, males build nests with algae and other materials found on the seabed. The nests are vigorously defended by the males, who also take care of the eggs after females deposit them. During the breeding period, males adopt strongly territorial behavior, defending their area and nest from other males and potential predators. This parental care increases the chances of egg survival until hatching.
An interesting fact about Labrus viridis is its ability to adapt to different habitat types within coastal zones, from rocky reefs to underwater meadows. Additionally, like other members of the family Labridae, this fish is known for its longevity, living several years, which allows it to reach considerable sizes compared to other fishes in the same family. Although it is not a species of great commercial importance, Labrus viridis has some value in sport fishing in certain Mediterranean regions.
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